Supplementation with vitamin D3 and K2 confers not only the benefits that are normally associated with vitamin D and vitamin K but also additional advantages to one’s health that can only be gained by taking these two vitamins together.
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New research has investigated these two game-changing vitamins and how they affect our hearts, and bones [1,2,3].
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin that primarily increases intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption.
Benefits Of Vitamin D3
It is needed for
- Absorption of intestinal calcium
- Absorption of intestinal phosphorus
- Building bones and keeping them strong
- Improving mood
- Boosting immunity
- Reducing inflammation
- Improving heart function
Vitamin K2
Menaquinone, or vitamin K2, is one of the three vitamin K. Most people are unfamiliar with vitamin K2. This vitamin is uncommon in the Western diet and has received little attention from the general public.
Nonetheless, this potent nutrient is crucial for many aspects of your health. Some believe that vitamin K2 is the missing link between diet and several chronic diseases.
Benefits Of Vitamin K2
It contributes to
- Skin health
- Bone metabolism
- Proper brain function
- Preventing heart-related diseases
Its primary function is to regulate calcium metabolism. It aids in bone formation and inhibits blood vessel calcification.
Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2 In Combination
Both vitamins, K2 and D3, play an important role in regulating calcium levels, ensuring that the blood contains an adequate amount of calcium for bodily functions for [2,3]:
- Building bones
- Maximizing bone strength
- Inhibiting blood vessel calcification
Thus, if we want calcium to be utilized entirely in our body, we need both the vitamins D3 and K2.
How do they work?
The active form of Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is required for intestinal calcium absorption. Without Vitamin D3’s active form, the calcium in our diet would be wasted.
After calcium is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, we want it to be deposited in our bones, which is when Vitamin K2 is required. Osteocalcin is activated by vitamin K2 ( a protein necessary for depositing calcium into the bones). Vitamin K2 also activates matrix GLA protein (MGP), which binds excess calcium and prevents it from being deposited in blood vessels, promoting healthy blood flow and vessel elasticity [1].
Benefits of combining both Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2
The following are the advantages of combining Vitamins D3 and K2.
- Promotes bone strength
- Promotes teeth strength
- Support normal immune system
- It can be used during pregnancy
- Protects blood vessel calcification
- Vitamin K2 supports normal blood clotting
For increased calcium in the bone
Simply increasing the amount of calcium that you consume will not be enough to ensure that your bones remain healthy. Did you know that besides calcium, you should also think about getting enough vitamin D and K2?
Both the absorption of calcium and the mineralization of bone are helped by vitamins D3 and K2, which also work to prevent arterial calcification. They help maintain a healthy cardiovascular system as well as healthy bones. Calcium is incapable of performing its function effectively in the absence of D3 and K2. While vitamin D3 helps maintain a healthy immune system and promotes healthy muscle function, vitamin K2 is responsible for regulating normal blood clotting [1,2,3].
For reduced calcium plaque in arteries
To bind excess calcium and to promote arterial flow and flexibility, the matrix GLA protein, also known as MGP, must first be activated by vitamin K2 (MK-7) [3].
For Immunity
In recent years, scientists have finally begun studying the potential immune-boosting effects of D3 and K2. There is accumulating evidence that higher levels of vitamin D can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection [4]… However, could the addition of K2 further improve health outcomes?
In a study published in March of this year, researchers sought to determine the relationship between vitamin D and K status and inflammatory response, elastic fiber degradation, and clinical outcomes in 135 hospitalized COVID-19 patients [5].
Vitamin D3 and K2 Benefits For Skin
One of the health benefits of Vitamin K2 is that it promotes skin health and helps maintain its elasticity, thereby preventing skin wrinkling.
By activating matrix GLA protein (MGP), vitamin K2 prevents calcium deposition in elastin fibers by absorbing excess calcium. In this way, calcium deposition during the aging and wrinkling process does not usually harden elastin fibers. Inadequate Vitamin K2 metabolism has also been linked to severe premature skin wrinkling [6].
Vitamin D3, however, has the following skin benefits:
- It reduces inflammation and treats psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo.
- Vitamin D3 functions as a steroid and regulates the function of the cell nucleus to protect against cancer, particularly skin cancer.
- Vitamin D3 also functions as an antioxidant and can prevent environmental damage.
Vitamin D3 and K2 For Weight Loss
According to research, participants who were given a daily calcium and vitamin D supplement had a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who were given a placebo [7].
Studies have also shown that individuals with higher BMI and body fat had lower vitamin D blood levels [8]. Before concluding whether vitamin D promotes weight loss, additional research is required.
In a clinical study, researchers also found that supplementation with Vitamin K promotes weight loss, particularly abdominal fat loss [9].
Dosage
According to the National Institute of Health, the average adult who is not deficient in vitamin D, should consume 600 IU (International Units) per day. According to physicians, daily topical application of Vitamin D cream is safe [10].
For Vitamin D to function properly, anyone taking Vitamin D as a supplement should also take Vitamin K, but scientists have not yet recommended a daily dose of Vitamin K2.
Medical professionals, however, recommend a daily Vitamin K2 dosage of 1,000 micrograms or more for healthy adults to maintain normal body function. The majority of individuals consume greater amounts of vitamin K in their diets.
Side Effects
Vitamin D3 is generally considered safe when taken in moderate amounts; however, taking vitamin D3 over 4000 IU for an extended period of time is generally unsafe.
The amount of Vitamin K found in foods is also safe, but excessive consumption can have negative effects.
Excess Vitamin D3 can cause hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the body), which can manifest with the following signs and symptoms [11,12,13]:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Weakness
- Kidney failure
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Mood changes, unusual tiredness
- Increased urination and increased thirst
Serious side effects of Vitamin K2 include:
- Nausea, heartburn, or stomach upset
- Severe stomach pain or vomiting
- Bloody diarrhea
Common and less serious side effects include:
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Mild nausea, heartburn, or stomach upset
- Loss of appetite or bad mouth taste
The Bottomline: Vitamin D3 and K2 Combination
Bone and cardiovascular health can benefit from adequate vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 intake. On the other hand, there is a need for further investigation into the functions of vitamins K2 and D3.
Many researchers believe that people who have a history of cardiovascular disease should make it a habit to take vitamin K2 supplements daily. Some people believe that more investigation must be carried out before sound recommendations can be made.
Despite this, it should be no surprise that vitamins K2 and D3 are necessary for proper bodily function.
Be sure to get adequate vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 through the foods you eat to keep your health in good standing.
Disclaimer: This article is only a guide. It does not substitute the advice given by your own healthcare professional. Before making any health-related decision, consult your healthcare professional.
Editorial References and Fact Checking
- Van Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Grübler MR, Verheyen N. The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:7454376. doi: 10.1155/2017/7454376. Epub 2017 Sep 12. PMID: 29138634; PMCID: PMC5613455.
- Crepaldi G, Maggi S. Epidemiologic link between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009;32(4 Suppl):2-5. PMID: 19724158.
- Braam LA, Hoeks AP, Brouns F, Hamulyák K, Gerichhausen MJ, Vermeer C. Beneficial effects of vitamins D and K on the elastic properties of the vessel wall in postmenopausal women: a follow-up study. Thromb Haemost. 2004 Feb;91(2):373-80. doi: 10.1160/TH03-07-0423. PMID: 14961167.
- Teshome A, Adane A, Girma B, Mekonnen ZA. The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2021 Mar 5;9:624559. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.624559. PMID: 33748066; PMCID: PMC7973108.
- Visser MPJ, Dofferhoff ASM, van den Ouweland JMW, van Daal H, Kramers C, Schurgers LJ, Janssen R, Walk J. Effects of Vitamin D and K on Interleukin-6 in COVID-19. Front Nutr. 2022 Jan 17;8:761191. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761191. Erratum in: Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 08;9:868324. PMID: 35111793; PMCID: PMC8801698.
- Cranenburg EC, Schurgers LJ, Vermeer C. Vitamin K: the coagulation vitamin that became omnipotent. Thromb Haemost. 2007 Jul;98(1):120-5. PMID: 17598002.
- Mason C, Xiao L, Imayama I, Duggan C, Wang CY, Korde L, McTiernan A. Vitamin D3 supplementation during weight loss: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):1015-25. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073734. Epub 2014 Mar 12. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Oct;100(4):1213. PMID: 24622804; PMCID: PMC3985208.
- Vranić L, Mikolašević I, Milić S. Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity? Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 28;55(9):541. doi: 10.3390/medicina55090541. PMID: 31466220; PMCID: PMC6780345.
- Knapen MHJ, Jardon KM, Vermeer C. Vitamin K-induced effects on body fat and weight: results from a 3-year vitamin K2 intervention study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jan;72(1):136-141. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.146. Epub 2017 Sep 27. PMID: 28952607.
- Vitamin D – Health Professional Fact Sheet. (2022, August 12). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/
- Masterjohn C. Vitamin D toxicity redefined: vitamin K and the molecular mechanism. Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(5):1026-34. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.051. Epub 2006 Dec 4. PMID: 17145139.
- Letavernier E, Daudon M. Vitamin D, Hypercalciuria and Kidney Stones. Nutrients. 2018 Mar 17;10(3):366. doi: 10.3390/nu10030366. PMID: 29562593; PMCID: PMC5872784.
- Wani M, Wani I, Banday K, Ashraf M. The other side of vitamin D therapy:
- A case series of acute kidney injury due to malpractice-related vitamin D intoxication . Clin Nephrol. 2016 Nov;86 (2016)(11):236-241. doi: 10.5414/CN108904. PMID: 27719737.
Dr Faisal Rasheed, M.D.
Dr Faisal is a certified Medical Doctor currently carrying the role of a Senior Medical Officer in the Orthopaedic Surgery Department of his local hospital. With his vast experience and knowledge in the medical field, Dr Faisal is well-equipped to share educational content that helps readers improve their health and wellness. During his hospital shifts, he diligently cares for and treats patients under him. And during his spare time, he enjoys crafting health and wellness content that inspires readers to make positive changes. LinkedIn
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FAQs
Can vitamin D3 and K2 have side effects? ›
Other side effects of K2 Plus D3
All products: Upset stomach or throwing up.
Vitamin K2 Side Effects
Constipation or diarrhea. Loss of appetite or bad taste in your mouth. Nausea, heartburn, or upset stomach.
- chest pain, feeling short of breath;
- growth problems (in a child taking cholecalciferol); or.
- early signs of vitamin D overdose--weakness, metallic taste in your mouth, weight loss, muscle or bone pain, constipation, nausea, and vomiting.
It is responsible for making blood coagulate or thicken, to form a clot.
Does vitamin D3 and K2 lower blood pressure? ›Sellers of vitamin D claim the nutrient can lower your blood pressure. But don't believe the hype. According to cardiologist Steven Nissen, MD, despite claims from the nutrition industry and non-medical personnel about vitamin D's ability to lower blood pressure, no quality scientific study can confirm these benefits.
What happens when you start taking vitamin K2? ›When you take Vitamin K2, it helps your body to produce more of the protein needed for blood clotting. It also helps to keep your bones healthy by keeping calcium in your bones and out of your arteries. Vitamin K2 is also essential for heart health because it helps prevent the arteries from hardening.
Is vitamin K2 good for your heart? ›Increased vitamin K2 intake may reduce arterial stiffness, slow progression of vascular and valvular calcification, lower the incidence of diabetes and coronary artery disease, and decrease cardiovascular mortality.
Does vitamin K2 cause inflammation? ›Vitamin K2 affected the expression of proinflammatory cytokines during inflammation. Vitamin K2 decreased the concentration of arachidonic acid in HepG2 cells. Vitamin K2 stimulated synthesis of antiinflammatory compounds.
Is there a downside to taking vitamin D3? ›Some side effects of taking too much vitamin D include weakness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and others. Taking vitamin D for long periods of time in doses higher than 4000 IU (100 mcg) daily is possibly unsafe and may cause very high levels of calcium in the blood.
What happens to your body when you start taking vitamin D3? ›Vitamin D3 is more efficient than D2. You get vitamin D from food, supplements, and sunshine. Vitamin D is important for bone and muscle strength and immune function. It may help prevent depression, inflammatory disease, and heart disorders.
What organs does vitamin D3 affect? ›
Vitamin D undergoes further chemical changes, first in the liver and then in the kidneys, to become calcitriol. Calcitriol acts on the intestine, kidneys, and bones to maintain normal levels of blood calcium and phosphorus.
Does vitamin D3 interact with any medications? ›There are 67 drugs known to interact with Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), along with 5 disease interactions. Of the total drug interactions, 12 are major, 54 are moderate, and 1 is minor.
Does vitamin D3 give you energy? ›Vitamin D keeps your immune system strong and can help regulate insulin levels. It keeps your energy levels up and enhances your mood, too.
What are the signs you need vitamin D? ›- Fatigue.
- Not sleeping well.
- Bone pain or achiness.
- Depression or feelings of sadness.
- Hair loss.
- Muscle weakness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Getting sick more easily.
The main consequence of vitamin D toxicity is a buildup of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause nausea and vomiting, weakness, and frequent urination. Vitamin D toxicity might progress to bone pain and kidney problems, such as the formation of calcium stones.
Does vitamin K2 interact with any medications? ›There are 11 drugs known to interact with Vitamin K2 (menaquinone), along with 1 disease interaction. Of the total drug interactions, 10 are moderate, and 1 is minor.
Should I take D3 and K2 at same time? ›Vitamin D3 should therefore always be taken in combination with vitamin K2. These two vitamins work together synergistically and ensure that calcium obtained from food is deposited in the bones and not in the arteries.
Which two vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity? ›The fat-soluble vitamins A and D are the most likely to cause toxicity symptoms if you consume them in high amounts.
Can vitamin D3 and K2 cause anxiety? ›Several studies have shown a direct relationship between the excessive dosage of vitamin D supplements and anxiety.
Is blood pressure a side effect of vitamin D3? ›Oral vitamin D 3 has no significant effect on blood pressure in people with vitamin D deficiency. It reduces systolic blood pressure in people with vitamin D deficiency that was older than 50 years old or obese.